More Information on Biodynamics

History:

Biodynamic agriculture is the oldest certified sustainable farming system and has been an assurance of quality since 1928.

Key criteria for Demeter certification:

In general, Demeter certification is in accord with many practices that characterize the certification of organic farms. However, certain practices are unique to Biodynamic agriculture as briefly mentioned below. Demeter is widely regarded as the strictest and purest of all agriculture certification standards.
Maintenance of a healthy, diverse ecosystem; an expectation that the farmer supports a broad ecological perspective which includes not only the earth, but the cosmic influences and rhythms of which the earth is a part.
Nutrient self-sufficiency, and soil husbandry; use of the Biodynamic preparations to build soil health through enlivened compost, and to stimulate plant health.
Integration of livestock with a requirement that at least 80% of livestock feed be from the farm. (Some horticultural operations may be excused from this requirement.)
Problem solving within the farm organism.
Since 1992, Demeter has prohibited the use of genetically engineered plant materials and organisms.

Comparison of Demeter Guidelines vs. Other Certifiers

Demeter/Aurora Guidelines	Other
1. Self-contained farm organism	1. No requirements
2. Wholistic approach to problem solving from within the farm's own dynamics	2. Not emphasized
3. Only an entire farm will be certified; parallel production is not allowed	3. Some have provision for partial certification and parallel production
4. 2-3 years of experience with Biodynamics prior to certification as DEMETER	4. Not applicable
5. Livestock required for farm certification	5. No requirement
FERTILITY
6. Emphasis on composting	6. Requirements vary among certifiers
7. If raw manure is applied to grain, wait 30 days before planting; do not use on vegetables	7. Most require some waiting period before harvesting, as does NOP
8. Limits on amount of fertilizer, especially nitrogen	8. Requirements vary
9. All imported manures and clippings must be composted	9. No requirements
10. Bone, blood, hoof and horn meal are prohibited as fertilizer	10. No prohibition
11. Manure from animals fed bone, blood meals is not permitted	11. No prohibition
12. Chilian nitrate aka sodium nitrate is prohibited	12. Limited use allowed by some certifiers and by NOP
13. Potassium chloride is prohibited	13. Sometimes allowed, also under NOP
PLANT PROTECTION
14. Isolated plant hormones are prohibited	14. Often allowed, especially gibberellic
15. Treated seed prohibited	15. Moving in this direction (required by NOP)
16. Crops for human use cannot be grown under high voltage power lines	16. No prohibition
17. GMOs and derivatives not permitted	17. The same, but not always as rigidly defined
18. Hydroponics only allowed for aquatic plants	18. Some allow, as does NOP
19. Treated lumber not allowed in vicinity of crops or livestock	19. Requirements vary
LIVESTOCK
20. 80% of livestock feed must be produced on the farm	20. No limitation on off-farm feed
21. All livestock, including poultry, must have access to outdoors	21. House-bound poultry has been certified
22. Dairy cows must be managed organically for 12 months before certification	22. Some allow 20% conventional feed up until 90 days prior to certification, as will NOP
23. Introduction of new livestock from off the farm is limited to 3% of the herd/month	23. No limitation
24. Synthetic amino acids not allowed as feed	24. Some variation, especially methionine
25. Mutilation not allowed except castration	25. De-beaking, tail cutting, dehorning permitted

 

 

A Brief Summary from: An Introduction To Biodynamic Agriculture, Stella Natura 1995

What is Biodynamic agriculture? In seeking an answer let us pose the further question: Can the Earth heal itself, or has the waning of the Earths vitality gone too far for this? No matter where our land is located, if we are observant we will see sure signs of illness in trees, in our cultivated plants, in the water, even in the weather. Organic agriculture rightly wants to halt the devastation caused by humans; however, organic agriculture has no cure for the ailing Earth. From this the following question arises: What was the original source of vitality, and is it available now?

 

Biodynamics is a science of life-forces, a recognition of the basic principles at work in nature, and an approach to agriculture which takes these principles into account to bring about balance and healing. In a very real way, then, Biodynamics is an ongoing path of knowledge rather than an assemblage of methods and techniques.

 

Biodynamics is part of the work of Rudolf Steiner, known as anthroposophy -- a new approach to science which integrates precise observation of natural phenomena, clear thinking, and knowledge of the spirit. It offers an account of the spiritual history of the Earth as a living being, and describes the evolution of the constitution of humanity and the kingdoms of nature. Some of the basic principles of Biodynamics are:

 

Broaden Our Perspective

Just as we need to look at the magnetic field of the whole earth to comprehend the compass, to understand plant life we must expand our view to include all that affects plant growth. No narrow microscopic view will suffice. Plants are utterly open to and formed by influences from the depths of the earth to the heights of the heavens. Therefore our considerations in agriculture must range more broadly than is generally assumed to be relevant.

Reading The Book Of Nature

Everything in nature reveals something of its essential character in its form and gesture. Careful observations of nature -- in shade and full sun, in wet and dry areas, on different soils, will yield a more fluid grasp of the elements. So eventually one learns to read the language of nature. And then one can be creative, bringing new emphasis and balance through specific actions.
Practitioners and experimenters over the last seventy years have added tremendously to the body of knowledge known as Biodynamics.

 

Cosmic Rhythms

The light of the sun, moon, planets and stars reaches the plants in regular rhythms. Each contributes to the life, growth and form of the plant. By understanding the gesture and effect of each rhythm, we can time our ground preparation, sowing, cultivating and harvesting to the advantage of the crops we are raising. The Stella Natura calendar which is featured in this catalog offers an introduction to this new study.

Plant Life Is Intimately Bound Up With The Life Of The Soil

Biodynamics recognizes that soil itself can be alive, and this vitality supports and affects the quality and health of the plants that grow in it. Therefore, one of Biodynamics fundamental efforts is to build up stable humus in our soil through composting.

A New View Of Nutrition

We gain our physical strength from the process of breaking down the food we eat. The more vital our food, the more it stimulates our own activity. Thus, Biodynamic farmers and gardeners aim for quality, and not only quantity.
Chemical agriculture has developed short-cuts to quantity by adding soluble minerals to the soil. The plants take these up via water, thus by-passing their natural ability to seek from the soil what is needed for health, vitality and growth. The result is a deadened soil and artificially stimulated growth.

 

Biodynamics grows food with a strong connection to a healthy, living soil.

 

Medicine For The Earth: Biodynamic Preparations

Rudolf Steiner pointed out that a new science of cosmic influences would have to replace old, instinctive wisdom and superstition. Out of his own insight, he introduced what are known as Biodynamic Preparations.
Naturally occurring plant and animal materials are combined in specific recipes in certain seasons of the year and then placed in compost piles. These preparations bear concentrated forces within them and are used to organize the chaotic elements within the compost piles. When the process is complete, the resulting Preparations are medicines for the Earth which draw new life forces from the cosmos.

 

Two of the Preparations are used directly in the field, one on the earth before plant-ing, to stimulate soil life, and one on the leaves of growing plants to enhance their capacity to receive the light. Effects of the Preparations have been verified scientifically.

 

The Farm As The Basic Unit Of Agriculture

In his Agriculture course, Rudolf Steiner posed the ideal of the self-contained farm -- that there should be just the right number of animals to provide manure for fertility, and these animals should, in turn, be fed from the farm.
We can seek the essential gesture of such a farm also under other circumstances. It has to do with the preservation and recycling of the life-forces with which we are working. Vegetable waste, manure, leaves, food scraps, all contain precious vitality which can be held and put to use for building up the soil if they are handled wisely. Thus, composting is a key activity in Biodynamic work.

 

The farm is also a teacher, and provides the educational opportunity to imitate natures wise self-sufficiency within a limited area. Some have also successfully created farms through the association of several parcels of non-contiguous land.

 

Economics Based On Knowledge Of The Job

Steiner emphasized the absurdity of agricultural economics determined by people who have never actually raised crops or managed a farm.
A new approach to this situation has been developed which brings about the association of producers and consumers for their mutual benefit. The Community Supported Agriculture movement was born in the Biodynamic movement and is spreading rapidly. Gardens or farms gather around them a circle of supporters who agree in advance to meet the financial needs of the enterprise and its workers, and these supporters each receive a share of the produce as the season progresses. Thus consumers become connected with the real needs of the Earth, the farm and the Community; they rejoice in rich harvests, and remain faithful under adverse circumstances.